跨境電子商貿– 智能合約與區塊鏈的使用以及法律風險管理Cross-borde.pdf

跨境電子商 貿 – 智 能 合 約 與 區塊鏈的使用以及法律 風 險管理 Cross-border E-commerce – the use of smart contracts and blockchain and legal risk management 郭思鋒律師 香港律師會 創新科技委員會委員 Philip Kwok Member, InnoTech Committee, The Law Society of Hong Kong 2018 年9 月5 日 什么是區塊鏈 What is Blockchain ? 區塊鏈是一種去中心化和分布式數字賬本或條目列 表，由不同參與者在計算機網絡中維護 A blockchain is a decentralised and distributed digital ledger or list of entries – that is maintained by various participants in a network of computers 2 什么是區塊鏈 What is Blockchain 3 中心化 Centralized 去中心化 Decentralized 什么是區塊鏈 What is Blockchain ? 區塊鏈的數據在多個數碼地點中進行共享、復制和 同步 Data in the blockchain are shared, replicated and synchronised across multiple digital locations 4 區塊鏈技術 去中心化 Blockchain Technology Decentralisation ? 去中心化意味著網絡可以按P2P模式運營，無需傳 統網絡中促成交易的中間人 Decentralisation means the network can operate on a P2P basis, taking out the middle man who facilitates transactions in a traditional network 5 區塊鏈技術 去中心化 Blockchain Technology Decentralization ? 由于解決了單點失效問題，分布式賬本被認為具有 安全性 Decentralised ledgers are considered secure because there is no single point of failure 6 區塊鏈技術 分布式 Blockchain Technology Distribution ? 分布式意味著數據并非處于一個位置，而是被復制 或者共享 Distribution means that data do not exist in one place but are duplicated or shared ? 由于每項交易經多個用戶驗證，分布式賬本具有準 確性 Distributed ledgers are accurate because multiple users validate each transaction 7 區塊鏈的運作原理 How Blockchains Work ? 區塊鏈收集數據、將其分別放入各個“區塊”并使 用加密技術將其按時間順序鏈接到一起，為區塊鏈 用戶確保條目的安全性 A blockchain gathers and orders data into “blocks” and chains them together chronologically using cryptography, providing comfort to blockchain users that the entries are secure 8 區塊鏈的運作原理 How Blockchains Work 9 1. 驗證 Validation 2. 區塊構成 Block ation 3. 時間戳 Time stamp 4. 加密 Encryption 5. 鏈結 Link 其他分布式帳本技術 Other Distributed Ledger Technologies DLTs ? 并非所有虛擬貨幣或分布式帳本都是基于區塊鏈 Not all virtual currencies or distributed ledger technologies are on blockchains ? 區塊鏈只是分布式賬本技術的一種 Blockchains are just one type of DLT 10 什么是智能合約 What is Smart Contract ? 一個利用區塊鏈技術的計算機程序或自動程式碼 A computer program or automated code adopting blockchain technology ? 程式碼定義規則及條件，及在規則及條件符合時需采取的交 易行動 The code defines the rules and conditions, and the transactions to undertake once these rules and conditions are met 11 什么是智能合約 What is Smart Contract ? 當條件符合，數字貨幣或資產便會自動轉移，交易記錄馬上 在區塊鏈上的各方同步 When conditions are met, digital currencies or assets are transferred automatically, and transactions records are immediately synchronised across all parties on the blockchain 12 區塊鏈的應用 Blockchain Applications ? 保險合同及自動理賠 Insurance Policies and Automated Insurance Payouts ? 數字資料版權保護 Copyright Protection of Digital Contents ? 貿易融資 Trade Financing 13 14 香港律師會 電話852 2846 0549 電郵adceamhklawsoc.org.hk Copyright 2017 The Law Society of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved.